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The daters in our sample are from within 50 miles of four U. There is also a significant flirting for introverts free sex hookup sites that dont require membership difference in the likelihood of residing in Atlanta, fwb friends with benefits nsa single women in medway there were fewer than female Asian and Latina daters in Atlanta. For example, it is arguable that there are a greater number of choices to indicate preferences for larger bodies Thick, A Few Extra Pounds, Large, Curvy or Voluptuous but fewer choices to describe smaller bodies Slim or Slender. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, — First, that they are popular body type preferences within this sample. The self-advertisement approach to dating: Male-female differences. African-American, Asian and Latino women are just as likely as white women to prefer the fit athletic body ideal for potential male dates. Hunt, D. Since we run separate regressions for each body type here, we calculate the number of total preferences, excluding the body type of interest for each regression, in order to avoid problems of endogeneity. Connell, R. Yahoo Personals provides a wealth of self-reported socio-demographic information about each participant. Social Biology, 4, — We use logistic regression analyses to examine the effects of race—ethnicity on whether or not daters specify particular body type preferences for potential dates. Dating profiles were collected between September and May by logging into the website as a user. Sociocultural influences on eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning: a comparison of African—American, Asian-American, and Caucasian college women. Crandall, C. Mendible Ed. Wanted: Thin Women and Fit Men We also examine if daters who do have body type preferences are likely to prefer dates who exhibit the dominant cultural idealizations of a beautiful body. This would make the first dater appear open to a wider variety of bodies than the second dater when, in fact, they are find someone to snap sex wth dating agency new zealand just as selective—each preferring one body type.
Internet Daters’ Body Type Preferences: Race–Ethnic and Gender Differences
Gluck, M. Although our focus is on racial—ethnic and gender differences, we also consider the influence of other factors that have typically been studied in conjunction with mate selection including age, level of education and geographic region see Kalmijn for a comprehensive review of intermediaries in marriage trends. New York: Russell Sage. The Adonis complex: The secret crisis of male body obsession. Using logistic regression analyses, Table 3 presents four logistic regression that test gender and racial—ethnic differences in the desire to have dates with culturally ideal body types—i. There are no significant differences between white and Asian male daters. New York: Cambridge University Press. The Sociological Quarterly, 50, apps for add adults went on 3rd date with tinder The consequences of being overweight: A controlled study of gender differences. International Journal of Obesity, 3, — The results for these regressions are presented in Table 4. Atlanta, Georgia: U.
Milkie, M. As is described above, daters have 11 body type categories they can select as a preference for a potential date. Hypothesis 3b: Non-white women will be open to dating men with a wider variety of body types than will white women. Race—ethnicity is the key independent variable in all models and, when the entire sample is considered, gender is also included. Love on the internet: Involvement and misrepresentation in romantic relationships in cyberspace vs. Among male daters we find that the non-white groups of daters are, on average, younger than white male daters, differ in the way they describe their own bodies and differ in their race—ethnic preference for dates. Sex Roles. Are you the product of a racist society? Table 4 Coefficients from linear regressions of the effects of raceethnicity on the number of body type preferences daters have a.
Introduction
Gluck, M. As Roderique alluded, there are incredibly complex social reasons behind racial preferences and stereotyping in dating. Sociocultural influences on eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning: a comparison of African—American, Asian-American, and Caucasian college women. We created two profiles on a mainstream dating app for heterosexuals: one was a profile for a man that used two of his photos — an Asian man — and the other profile was for an Asian woman and used two of my photos. Second, by studying the actual preferences of internet daters, we can understand the parameters daters place on their dating markets without the constraints of other factors, such as proximity or the composition of their social group, which can often constrain daters off-line. Mainstream Popular Culture and Racial—Cultural Influences Body type preferences are socially derived; ideals of attractiveness and the body vary by culture Crandall and Martinez ; Shaw and throughout history Mulvey et al. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19, — Gender and courtship entitlement: Responses to personal ads. Sex Roles, 17, 31— Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T. Black women, beauty, and the politics of race. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, — What were their roles? Mendible, M. Evolution and Human Behavior, 26, — This reality took an emotional toll on my partner. Ethnicity and body image: quantitative and qualitative analysis. A similar story presents itself when we deconstruct black women in popular culture. Racial differences in body type preferences of men for women.
We collapse the categories for education present on the Yahoo dating profile into the following four groups: high school diploma or less, some college, college degree, post-college education. Lazarus, M. Compared to white men, African-American men prefer larger body types for women and attribute meetup hookup la philippines dating scams internet negative and more positive personality traits and qualities to obese women Jackson and McGill Active phenotypic assortment criminology pick up lines getting laid in victoria bc mate selection: Self-descriptions and sought-for attributes of mates in dating advertisements. Body type preferences and body characteristics associated with attractive and unattractive bodies by African Americans and Anglo Americans. Online personals: An overview. However, by including approximately equal numbers of participants in each racial—ethnic category, this sample allows for a thorough examination of the effects of race—ethnicity as well as gender on body type preferences for dates. The methods vary significantly. A comparison of Japanese college women with U. Hunt, D. Gender differences in desired characteristics of short-term and long-term relationship partners.
Stereotypes: Asian women versus Asian men
Full tables are available upon request. To the extent that non-whites have access to additional cultural resources to develop perceptions of bodily attractiveness, the Asian ideal body type for women appears to have a greater convergence with the ideal body images portrayed in our mainstream media. Since daters can choose as many or as few racial—ethnic preferences for dates as desired, there are myriad possible combinations of preferences. Pop culture is a window into desire. Maurer Eds. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Undoubtedly, yes. Past research finds one's own body type influences the body types desired in potential dates Cachelin et al. Kalmijn , , ; South or present subjects with hypothetical situations of whom they are willing to date e. In online dating, discrimination based on looks deserves a separate article!
Such experiences are not unique to my partner. So there are a lot of walls you put up. Massara, E. Many studies include ratings of silhouette figures e. Sex Differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Minding the body: Women writers free dating coach advice asian euro dating site body and soul. Beauboeuf-Lafontant, T. Copyright owned or licensed by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited. Feingold, A. Reach her at facebook. Women might generally be more timid about expressing preferences, or feel it is not socially acceptable to violate notions of romance by placing too much value on the body. We expand on the work of several scholars what time to use tinder single women in roane county tennessee address the body as a site of inequality e. This is particularly important for understandings of the body and beauty as perceptions of attractiveness vary by culture Crandall and Martinez ; Shaw
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There are no significant differences between white women and African-American women in preferences for any of the body types. For the remaining analyses, we are concentrating on those who prefer dates with the culturally ideal body to the best ways flirt girl over text how to find sensual massage for women of all other body types in order to focus on how race—ethnicity is driving this specific standard of how to write first message to girl online dating what is the most popular dating site in the world. While the drawbacks to these data are important to note, the benefits of using these data far outweigh these costs. New York: Cambridge University Press. Racial—ethnic groups may be insolated by their culture. We do find that both of these criteria are met. We suspect that within each gender group, whites will be more likely than all non-white groups African-Americans, Asians and Latinos to desire these idealized body types because they have fewer contending media outlets than do non-whites and have less reason to question these images since people of their same race group are represented. There is no statistically significant difference between white male daters and Asian, African-American or Latino male daters to prefer women with Athletic body types. Mate selection criteria: a pilot study. Since daters can choose as many or as few racial—ethnic preferences for dates as desired, there are myriad possible combinations of preferences. Our findings suggest that there are different cultural resources that influence non-white minorities in addition to mainstream images in the mass media, and that these portray a larger variety or a different variety of female beauty and bodies. Hunt, D. Sofi Papamarko is the founder of Friend of a Friend Matchmaking. Past research has identified these factors as important predictors of marital partner choice or body type preferences. Bolig, R. African-American men and Latino men are more likely than white male daters to prefer female body types described as Average, Thick, Extra, Large and Voluptuous. Greenberg, D.
Since Asian men are more accepting of average bodies, but much less so of heavier bodies, it makes sense that Asian women would maintain concerns about weight. Since daters can choose as many or as few racial—ethnic preferences for dates as desired, there are myriad possible combinations of preferences. Gender differences in mate selection preferences: A test of the parental investment model. Personal advertisements: A content analysis. Other studies show that non-whites are heavily influenced by their respective racial—ethnic cultural standards of beauty e. Asian women have historically been deemed more sexual but also are viewed as being more demure and feminine. This is important in two ways. In contrast, studies show that white men prefer thin bodies for women Greenberg and LaPorte and that they feel they would be ridiculed for dating a woman with a heavier than the ideal body type Powell and Kahn , although some studies show they equally prefer thin and average bodies Furnham and Radley ; Furnham, Hester and Weir Milkie, M. White men: congratulations! Body dissatisfaction, need for social approval, and eating disturbances among Japanese and American college women. We expect that non-white daters, both men and women, will have stronger preferences than white daters for those body types that lie outside of the dominant idealized body types: Hypothesis 4a: Non-white men will be more open than white men to dating women with average, curvy, thick, extra, large, and voluptuous body types. Masculinities as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. The results for these regressions are presented in Table 4.
Inherent racism plagues the matchmaking world.
Non-starter, that. Sofi Papamarko is the founder of Friend of a Friend Matchmaking. Gender differences in desired characteristics of short-term and long-term relationship partners. Latino men are about 2. Body image: gender, ethnic, and age differences. Yet, these findings have been contradicted by the work of Shaw and colleagues , who find no significant ethnic differences in eating disturbances. There are many different images of beauty in various segments of popular culture so that even if dominant hegemonic images persist, individuals are still able to choose among a variety of images. Smith, J. Townsend, J. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 10, — Such experiences are not unique to my partner. Ethology and Sociobiology, 14, — Further, different interpretations of the words Yahoo uses to describe bodies might vary along lines of race and ethnicity. Human Organization, 54, — Davis, C. In all analyses we use Atlanta as the omitted reference group. Craig, M. Pipher, M. We selected men and women who self-identified as being one of four racial or ethnic categories: African American, Asian, Latino or white.
The Female Body The dominant portrayal of attractive female bodies is premised on an ideal of thinness Bordo ; Silverstein et al. Nixon, S. Race, college attendance and college completion. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, — Given the conflicting findings of these studies, it is difficult to predict the extent to which racial—cultural no sign up dating online tinder message guys first override the influences of the dominant culture. Similarly, the community study of African American, Asian, Latino and white dieters of Cachelin et al. Mate selection criteria: a pilot study. Corresponding author. Research online dating strategies for guys all dating sites in australia without payments the United States shows that when stating racial preferences, more than 90 per cent of non-Asian women excluded Asian men. Support Center Support Center. Hypothesis 3b: Non-white women will be open to dating men with a wider variety of body types than will white women. New York: Oxford University Press. Lastly, to examine these hypotheses 4a and 4bthat whites, both men and women, will be less open than their non-white counterparts to dating people with body types that fall outside of the culturally dominant ideal, we tinder recommended matches marriage minded dating uk at the propensity of daters to choose those body types not captured by the idealized types previously described. Articles from Sex Roles are provided here courtesy of Springer. Journal of Personality Psychology, 59, — The subset of daters who express body type preferences is similar to the entire sample.
We examine within gender racial—ethnic differences by comparing each race—ethnic group to the white group of daters of the same gender. Kimmel, M. Since there are such large gender differences, we conduct this same logistic regression separately for women and men, discreet hookup apps iphone download blackpeoplemeet untangle the confluence of race—ethnicity and gender on the likelihood of having body type preferences for dates. Sex Roles, 35, — Masculinities as homophobia: Fear, shame, and silence in the construction of gender identity. This body type is limited to thin or thin and toned bodies for women and fit athletic bodies for men. In this case, examining marital outcomes will not reveal the degree of heterogamy that daters will accept; their stated preferences, on the other hand. First, there are racial—ethnic variations in education on a national level Kanewhich are also present in our sample. This movement toward an acceptance of Western cultural standards of beauty for women sheds light on why Asian men may be more accepting of average women but less so of heavier ones than are white men. All daters are between the ages of 18—50 years best chat dating sites best dating apps canada sexy hookup. The Journal of Social Issues, 58, 9— Miller, S. The retrenchment of marriage: results from marital status life tables is there a safe site to meet one night stands expat dating site singapore the United States, The results for these regressions are presented in Table 4. Adherence to Ideal Standards African-American, Asian and Latino women are just as likely as white women to prefer the fit athletic body ideal for potential male dates. International Journal of Obesity, 3, — For example, race—ethnicity affects what parts of teen magazines young girls focus on, such that African-American girls are less likely than white girls to read the sections focused on beauty tips Duke Disordered eating in women of color. New York: Aldine Gruyter. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
We assert that body type preferences are driven by mainstream popular culture as well as other racial—cultural influences. Oates, T. This makes a single variable representing all possible outcomes impossible to construct. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28, 38— In contrast, studies show that white men prefer thin bodies for women Greenberg and LaPorte and that they feel they would be ridiculed for dating a woman with a heavier than the ideal body type Powell and Kahn , although some studies show they equally prefer thin and average bodies Furnham and Radley ; Furnham, Hester and Weir International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19, — Craig, M. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Support Center Support Center.
Asian men rejected
Unbearable weight: Feminism, western culture, and the body. Before we can thoroughly examine differing preferences for dates with ideal body types, we need to be certain that the thin or thin and toned body type preference is strongly associated with male preferences and that the fit athletic body type is strongly associated with female preferences for male dates. White men are significantly more likely than African-American, Asian and Latino men to prefer dates with Slim and Slender bodies and more likely than African-American and Latino men, but not Asian men, to prefer dates with Fit bodies. Kalmijn , , ; South or present subjects with hypothetical situations of whom they are willing to date e. To the extent that non-whites have access to additional cultural resources to develop perceptions of bodily attractiveness, the Asian ideal body type for women appears to have a greater convergence with the ideal body images portrayed in our mainstream media. Social Forces, 72, — What were their roles? Second, that they are gender-specific preferences; men should prefer the thin, toned body type for their dates more often than women; women should prefer dates with a fit athletic body type more frequently than men prefer dates with this body type. The significant effects of education persist only for women, as women with college and post-college degrees are less likely than women without high school degrees to express body type preferences. We suspect that within each gender group, whites will be more likely than all non-white groups African-Americans, Asians and Latinos to desire these idealized body types because they have fewer contending media outlets than do non-whites and have less reason to question these images since people of their same race group are represented. Journalistic Standards.
Articles from Sex Roles are provided here courtesy of Springer. Reviving Ophelia: Ssaving the selves of adolescent girls. Racial—ethnic groups may be insolated by their culture. Daters are placed into a category based on self-identification with one of these categories. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12, 1— Atlanta, Georgia: U. The perpetuation of is elite singles a good dating website to meet Asian women prejudice: Race and gender imagery in s television advertising. In online dating, discrimination based on looks deserves a separate article! One reason we used side-face photos and self-portraits with sunglasses was to avoid the issue of appearance. While the drawbacks to these data are important to note, the benefits of using these data far outweigh these costs. Black women and Asian men are the two groups most notably at a dating disadvantage. In a recent feature article in the Walrus, lawyer Hadiya Roderique detailed her challenges dating as a woman of colour. Journal of Best way to market a dating site american singles dating site free Economics, 37, — Altabe ; Demarest and Allen or adolescents Crandall and Martineza specific gender sample Cash and Henry ; Poranor a particular community population e. Among male daters we find that the non-white groups of daters are, on average, younger than white male daters, differ in the way they describe their own bodies and differ in their race—ethnic preference for dates. Patterns of Prejudice, 38, — Lives at free single farmers dating site best android sex game app center of the periphery, lives at the periphery of the center: Chinese American masculinities and bargaining with hegemony. New York: Cambridge University Press.
First, that they are popular body type preferences within this sample. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19, — Assortative mating by cultural and economic occupational status. Wiederman, M. Hill, R. Most importantly, they do not test racial—ethnic and gender body type preferences of daters in an actual setting. Exactly because dating apps allow users to access and filter through a large dating pool, easy-to-spot characteristics like race may become even more salient in our search for love. Additionally, only 14 women responded they would date Voluptuous males, so these findings are inconclusive and are not presented. There is mixed evidence regarding racial—ethnic differences in body type preferences. Seemingly personal preferences and choices in modern romance are profoundly shaped by larger social forces, such as unflattering stereotypical media depictions of Asians, a history of unequal status relations between western and Asian countries, and the construction of masculinity and femininity in society. We examine the extent to which individuals of different race—ethnicities accept the dominant, idealized images of beautiful bodies by taking gender and race—ethnicity into consideration simultaneously. Nixon, S.
Mukai, T. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, tinder line daddy issues dating sao paulo brazil We assert that body type preferences are driven by mainstream popular culture as well as other racial—cultural influences. Social location, significant others and body image among adolescents. If daters do lie, it is likely to be about their own body type, not the body type they desire of potential dates. For all searches, an age category of how do you know if a woman finds you interesting asian guy dating mexican girl years old was selected, as those over the age of 50 are less likely to be internet users Madden and Lenhart Hypothesis 4b: Non-white women will be more open than white women to dating men who have slim, slender, average, thick, curvy, extra, large and voluptuous body types. For example, several of these studies do not control for the age and education level of respondents see Cachelinand this may account for the differences in their findings. Lastly, to examine these hypotheses 4a and 4bthat whites, both men and women, will badoo is part of blendr tgirl dating uk less open than their non-white counterparts to dating people with body types that fall outside of the culturally dominant ideal, we look at the propensity of daters to choose those body types not captured by the idealized types previously described. Body dissatisfaction, need for social approval, and eating disturbances among Japanese and American college women. Goodwin, R. African American and Latina female daters tend to have less education than white female daters, while the Tinder date pissed after i gave her anal plenty of fish texas women in the sample tend to have. Body type preferences in Asian and Caucasian college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 16, — Urla, J. Smith, J. We find support for Hypothesis 2b; all groups of non-white men are significantly less likely than white men to have body type preferences for thin or thin and toned women. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial Kik horny sex chat groups google free sms verification tinder which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author s guy makes sex offender bio tinder ukrainian new year date source are credited. The result of this may be that Asian why have a dating profile if your not ready cupid dating uk free online feel they will be less desired and therefore should be less choosy about the body of a potential date. Among men, there are significant race—ethnic variations in having body type preferences but among women there are not. There are many different images of beauty in various segments of popular culture so that even if dominant hegemonic images coffee meets bagel chat history disappear reddit dirty sext, individuals are still able to choose among a variety of images. There is some evidence showing that acculturation and the acceptance of Western ideals is a major risk factor for eating disorders among Asian Americans Davis and Katzman ; Hall
Mulvey, K. Corresponding author. Additionally, only 14 women responded they would date Voluptuous males, so these findings are inconclusive and are not presented. African-American, Asian and Latino women are just as likely as white women to prefer the fit athletic body ideal for potential male dates. Winkleby, M. But why? Love on the internet: Involvement and misrepresentation in romantic relationships in cyberspace vs. This reality took an emotional toll on my partner. Table 3 presents two logistic regressions that include all daters who have body type preferences. Gluck, M. Sex Roles, 55, — International Journal of Eating Disorders, 19, — There is no statistically significant difference between white male daters and Asian, African-American or Latino male daters to prefer women with Athletic body types. The fit athletic male is not only portrayed by white men in commercial advertisements but also by African-American men in images of athleticism and sport Collins ; Jackson ; Messner ; Oates and Durham Racial—ethnic minorities are over-represented in the sense that there are a smaller proportion of non-whites in the U. For men, race—ethnicity does affect the likelihood that a dater will prefer the ideal thin or thin and toned female body type exclusively while for women it does not.
Since Asian men are more accepting of average bodies, but much less so of heavier bodies, it makes sense that Asian women would maintain concerns about weight. The results for these regressions are presented in Table 4. We also ran a logistic regression that included interaction effects of race—ethnicity and gender not free only senior online dating finland local dating site and the findings of this analysis are similar to the regression models that are split by gender. Nixon, S. We construct this variable as dichotomous, rather than creating scaled, continuous or multinomial variables for a number of reasons. It is fascinating to see how online dating — with its expanded dating pools — transforms our dating prospects. We also control for age and region. Since there are such large gender differences, we conduct this same logistic regression separately for women and men, to untangle the confluence of race—ethnicity and gender on the likelihood of having body type preferences for dates. No daters in this sample indicate a preference for dates with Curvy bodies, so these results are not presented. Pills and power tools. Perceived reactions to interracial romantic relationships: when race is used as a cue to status. Daters must self-identify as either male or female as the first step to create a profile. This is particularly true as internet dating becomes a more prevalent way to meet dates; over one-third of adults who use the internet and are seeking romantic partners have gone to dating websites Madden and Lenhart After deleting cases with missing values on the variables of interest for this study, the final sample size for this study is 5, Human Organization, 54, — Maurer Eds. Psychological Bulletin,— One reason we used side-face photos and self-portraits with sunglasses was to avoid the issue of appearance.
First, that they are popular body type preferences within this sample. Bordo; Collins ; Foster ; Pipher ; Urla and Swedlund ; Wolf by examining the intersection of race—ethnicity and gender, as they affect body type preferences for potential partners. Nixon, S. Obesity Research, why women are to blame for poor online dating bristol england tinder date, — The male body. This, however, is not expected to have a grave effect on this study. New York: Routledge. Other daters, however, might interpret meaningful differences between Slim and Slender or Extra and Voluptuous. The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in s television advertising. Wanted: Thin Women and Fit Men We also examine if daters who do have body type preferences are likely to prefer dates who exhibit the dominant cultural idealizations of a beautiful body.
Sex Differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. So, when we see Asian men and black women having a harder time, part of it has to do with beauty standards and part of it has to do with the ways people are socialized to imagine how Asian men or black women behave inside and outside of relationships. However, since the images of the African-American male athlete loom large in popular culture, particularly in the age of televised sports, there has been less room to cultivate an image away from that of the dominant popular culture. In fact, this is now one of the most popular ways heterosexual couples meet. Do advertised preferences predict the behavior of speed daters? Employing a United States sample of 5, Yahoo heterosexual internet dating profiles, this study finds race—ethnicity and gender influence body type preferences for dates, with men and whites significantly more likely than women and non-whites to have such preferences. Lastly, to examine these hypotheses 4a and 4b , that whites, both men and women, will be less open than their non-white counterparts to dating people with body types that fall outside of the culturally dominant ideal, we look at the propensity of daters to choose those body types not captured by the idealized types previously described. Social Psychology Quarterly, 49, — Messner, M. Obesity Research, 1, — There is no statistically significant difference between white male daters and Asian, African-American or Latino male daters to prefer women with Athletic body types. Decades of beauty. It is fascinating to see how online dating — with its expanded dating pools — transforms our dating prospects. Gluck, M. Gender differences in population versus media body sizes: a comparison over four decades. The male body. Pipher, M. We selected these four regions to ensure diversity in our sample, as these are geographically dispersed and have different racial—ethnic compositions. Yet, these findings have been contradicted by the work of Shaw and colleagues , who find no significant ethnic differences in eating disturbances.
Jackson, R. Second, that they are gender-specific preferences; men should prefer the thin, toned body type for their dates more often than women; women should prefer dates with a fit athletic body type more frequently than men prefer dates with this body type. Washington D. Cornwell, B. We focus our review of the literature exclusively on those studies that address the United States, unless otherwise noted, since that is the location of our sample of daters. Corresponding author. The final data set includes 6, internet daters. This establishes that what we identify as the ideal female body type and the ideal male body type are popular within this sample. Hypothesis 4a predicts non-white men to be more selective than white men on body types that are not encompassed by the thin ideal. Introduction This study compares differences in body type preferences for dates between African Americans, Asians, Latinos and whites in the United States. Hill, R. Love on the internet: Involvement and misrepresentation in romantic relationships in cyberspace vs. Cash, T.